Species with identical needs cannot coexist — a small consistent advantage compounds until one is gone. Which means anything living side by side must differ, and finding how is informative.
Your eye has a blind spot no engineer would design. That flaw reveals the process that built it — a process that governs markets and ideas as strictly as it governs retinas.
Species that have survived for ten million years go extinct at about the same rate as new ones. That surprising fact explains why your improvements so often buy you nothing.
The interesting number in AI is not what a model can do. It is what a unit of machine reasoning costs — because when that falls tenfold, whole categories of product become possible.
Two firms selling something interchangeable can only compete on price, and every improvement gets matched. The useful question is not how hard to compete but what you are competing on.
A company posts record profits and the share price falls. That stops looking irrational once you see that a price already contains what everyone expected — and moves only on the difference.