Modularity and Integration: Fit Against Flexibility
Control every part and tune the fit, or accept a standard interface and gain interchangeability. Which one wins turns on a single question — and the answer changes as a market matures.
Concept
Modularity vs. Integration
Vertical Integration: Owning the Step That Decides the Product
Buying from specialists is usually cheaper, and sometimes it means you cannot be better than anyone else. The right boundary moves as an industry matures — and rarely gets revisited.